收费全文 | 23542篇 |
免费 | 1899篇 |
国内免费 | 824篇 |
耳鼻咽喉 | 56篇 |
儿科学 | 426篇 |
妇产科学 | 330篇 |
基础医学 | 2886篇 |
口腔科学 | 918篇 |
临床医学 | 2352篇 |
内科学 | 2575篇 |
皮肤病学 | 216篇 |
神经病学 | 873篇 |
特种医学 | 567篇 |
外国民族医学 | 3篇 |
外科学 | 1312篇 |
综合类 | 3491篇 |
现状与发展 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 1462篇 |
眼科学 | 326篇 |
药学 | 5685篇 |
17篇 | |
中国医学 | 1820篇 |
肿瘤学 | 948篇 |
2023年 | 245篇 |
2022年 | 381篇 |
2021年 | 807篇 |
2020年 | 735篇 |
2019年 | 735篇 |
2018年 | 713篇 |
2017年 | 812篇 |
2016年 | 841篇 |
2015年 | 798篇 |
2014年 | 1346篇 |
2013年 | 1713篇 |
2012年 | 1204篇 |
2011年 | 1476篇 |
2010年 | 1119篇 |
2009年 | 979篇 |
2008年 | 962篇 |
2007年 | 1015篇 |
2006年 | 988篇 |
2005年 | 851篇 |
2004年 | 783篇 |
2003年 | 729篇 |
2002年 | 600篇 |
2001年 | 507篇 |
2000年 | 436篇 |
1999年 | 352篇 |
1998年 | 329篇 |
1997年 | 321篇 |
1996年 | 278篇 |
1995年 | 301篇 |
1994年 | 287篇 |
1993年 | 281篇 |
1992年 | 284篇 |
1991年 | 232篇 |
1990年 | 210篇 |
1989年 | 194篇 |
1988年 | 180篇 |
1987年 | 172篇 |
1986年 | 127篇 |
1985年 | 386篇 |
1984年 | 277篇 |
1983年 | 248篇 |
1982年 | 207篇 |
1981年 | 192篇 |
1980年 | 143篇 |
1979年 | 93篇 |
1978年 | 88篇 |
1977年 | 68篇 |
1976年 | 52篇 |
1975年 | 40篇 |
1973年 | 33篇 |
Background
Two electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays were developed which, together, can simultaneously measure serum antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PnPS) for 17 serotypes. The assays were validated for the 13 PnPS included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), we compared the ECL assays with the WHO reference enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and derived a threshold corresponding to the 0.35?µg/mL threshold established for the WHO reference ELISA for the non-inferiority comparison and licensure of new PCVs against invasive pneumococcal disease.Methods
A panel of 452 serum samples from children vaccinated with one of the three licensed PCVs was assessed with the ECL assays and the WHO reference ELISA. The ECL assay threshold for the aggregated seven PnPS included in the 7-valent PCV (PCV7) and serotype-specific thresholds were determined using a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve-based approach and Deming regression. To evaluate concordance between the ECL assays and the WHO reference ELISA, serostatus agreement rates between both assays and geometric means of the ratios (GMRs) of concentrations obtained with both assays were calculated.Results
The thresholds for the seven aggregated PCV7 serotypes obtained with the ROC curve-based approach and Deming regression approximated 0.35?µg/mL (0.38 and 0.34?µg/mL, respectively). Individual thresholds for the PCV13 serotypes ranged between 0.24 and 0.51?µg/mL across both approaches. Serostatus agreement rates using a 0.35?µg/mL threshold for both assays were ≥86.9% for all PCV13 serotypes. GMRs ranged between 0.85 and 1.25 for 11/13 serotypes and were <1.29 for the two remaining serotypes.Conclusion
The ECL assays were comparable to the WHO reference ELISA and offer a sensitive, time- and serum volume-saving method to quantify serotype-specific anti-PnPS antibodies in pediatric sera. A 0.35?µg/mL threshold will be used for each PCV13 serotype to assess PCV immunogenicity in clinical trials. 相似文献Methods: Induced soluble aggregates were quantified at 0 and 3?months, and 45?°C using size-exclusion chromatography. Conformation and thermogravimetric assessments were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Laser light scattering was performed to determine the particle sizes. Aerodynamic features were characterized by twin stage impinger and scanning electron microscopy.
Results: Although sugars/polyols preferably stabilized IgG following the process, storage stabilization was achieved in Trehalose, Trehalose-Lactose, Lactose, and Trehalose-Mannitol-based powders with soluble aggregates <5%. The conformation of antibody was preserved with β sheet content from 66.28% to 76.37%. Particle sizes ranged from 5.23 to 8.12?µm. Mannitol exhibited the best aerodynamic behavior, fine particle fraction (FPF: 70%) but high degree of protein aggregation during storage.
Conclusions: SFD could favorably stabilize antibody using Trehalose and its combination with Lactose and Mannitol, and also, Lactose alone. Sorbitol disturbed IgG powder recovery. Incorporation of other types of excipient is required for efficient respiratory delivery of IgG molecules. 相似文献